Prof Carlo Bellieni is professor of Pediatrics and Neonatology at the University of Siena. He is a member of the Bioethics Commission of the Region of Tuscany and of the Bioethics Committee of the Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese. He has been involved in bioethics, and in fetal and infant pain studies for many years. He is a member of the Italian Society of Pediatrics and the Italian Society of Neonatology. He is the author of 3 medical device patents, more than 400 scientific publications including journal articles and books. He serves on the editorial board of numerous scientific journals. His studies have been reported by major international newspapers, from the BBC to the Times, from Le Figaro to FOx News. He collaborates with various Italian newspapers of national circulation.